Insurance Proof Lab · For Carriers, Brokers, Adjusters

Five cyber claims. Five disputes. Five independently verifiable proofs.

The page underwriters, adjusters, and counsel can read in a single sitting. Each scenario starts with a real-world dispute and ends with evidence a third party can verify on their own workstation — without trusting H33.

Cyber claims fail when the evidence cannot prove what happened. H33 turns agent decisions, policy state, and audit trails into independently verifiable proof.
5
Flagship Scenarios
$31.4M
In Claim Dispute
4
Outcome Classes
100%
Independently Verifiable
✓ PROVED ✓ VERIFIED ↑ ESCALATED ✗ DENIED
The Five Flagship Scenarios
Each begins as a dispute. Each ends as evidence.
01 · MFA Gap

The carrier demands proof MFA was actually enforced at breach time. The insured can show it — to the millisecond.

PROVED

A regional manufacturer files a $4.2M ransomware claim. The cyber policy requires multi-factor authentication on all admin sessions. Carrier's coverage counsel asks: was MFA actually enforced at the time of intrusion, or was the control documented but not running? Without a millisecond-level answer, the carrier can deny under the standard MFA exclusion.

What the Carrier Disputed
Whether MFA was a live, enforced control at 2026-04-17T03:14:22Z — the timestamp of the privileged session that pushed the ransomware payload.
What H33 Proves
Every authentication attempt by every agent emits a signed receipt. Replay over the 14-day window around intrusion shows MFA challenged every privileged session. The breach was session-token theft post-MFA — a covered loss, not an MFA-enforcement gap.
Financial Exposure
$4.2M
Full claim. MFA-exclusion denial would have reduced indemnity to $0.
Receipt · Replay · Auditor output
Receipt
412,036 authentication receipts in the 14-day window. Each carries mfa_challenged, mfa_succeeded, auth_method, and a committed_policy_hash binding the MFA policy in effect at that millisecond.
Replay
Deterministic replay of the privileged session at 03:14:22Z resolves to: mfa_succeeded = true, auth_method = totp+webauthn, session granted. Attacker then stole the session token via cross-site request from a compromised laptop — covered under the social-engineering rider.
Auditor Attestation
Independent auditor re-runs the verifier against the registry replica and emits an audit-attestation: AttestationOutcome::Valid. Carrier counsel verifies on their own workstation; same outcome.
substrate: qsign-baae · qsign-replay · qsign-fed-receipts · pinned policy hash: committed_policy_hash
02 · Phantom Audit

The third-party audit attested to controls that were never running. H33 shows the silence.

DENIED

A SaaS company files a $7.8M reliance-loss claim after a breach attributable to a vendor whose SOC 2 audit attested to "controls observed in operation" during the prior quarter. Three months later, forensics reveal the controls were configured but never actually running. The insured wants the carrier to indemnify, then subrogate. The vendor argues the audit was thorough.

What the Carrier Disputed
Whether the loss is properly the vendor's liability (no coverage event) or an unforeseen failure mode (covered). Hinges on whether the controls were ever observed running.
What H33 Proves
HATS continuously emits a control-execution receipt every time a control fires. Aggregated across the audit observation window, the vendor's environment produced zero receipts for the attested controls. The audit was performed against documentation, not running systems.
Financial Exposure
$7.8M
Claim denied; recourse runs to vendor + auditor under separate E&O. Carrier avoids indemnification.
Receipt · Replay · Auditor output
Receipt Gap
For the 90-day observation window the SOC 2 report references, the vendor's HATS endpoint emitted 0 control-execution receipts for controls AC-2, AC-6, SI-4. A live environment with those controls running produces tens of thousands.
Replay
Replay of the production traffic against the documented control set shows the controls would have fired hundreds of times per day, had they been running. The hard absence of receipts is itself the evidence.
Auditor Attestation
Independent auditor produces an audit-attestation over the empty-corpus claim: corpus_size = 0, signed and time-stamped. The phantom-audit assertion is now itself a verifiable artifact.
substrate: HATS · qsign-fed-receipts · empty-corpus attestation is a first-class artifact, not an omission
03 · Retroactive Policy

The carrier suspects the security policy was edited after the incident. H33 pins it to the millisecond.

VERIFIED

A financial services firm files a $12.0M claim following an insider-incident. The carrier reviews the insured's policy and asks whether the version produced in discovery is the version that was actually in effect at the time of the incident — or whether it was edited afterward to retroactively support the claim. $9M of the claim hinges on policy authenticity.

What the Carrier Disputed
Whether policy_v3.4.7, produced in discovery, is identical to the policy in effect at 2026-03-09T18:21:00Z — the moment the disputed decisions were made.
What H33 Proves
Every decision receipt carries a committed_policy_hash bound at the moment of decision. Recomputing the canonical hash of policy_v3.4.7 in discovery yields the same hash the receipts pin. Policy authenticity verified.
Financial Exposure
$12.0M
$9M of which turned on policy authenticity. Now resolved on substrate evidence rather than affidavit.
Receipt · Replay · Auditor output
Receipt
Three contemporaneous decision receipts from 03-09T18:21Z carry committed_policy_hash = 4f8a2c91…b3e7. Each receipt is triple-family signed by the substrate at decision time.
Replay / Recompute
Recompute SHA3-384 over the canonical JCS encoding of policy_v3.4.7 as produced in discovery → 4f8a2c91…b3e7. Match. Had the policy been edited post-incident, the recomputed hash would differ in the first changed byte.
Auditor Attestation
Independent auditor signs an attestation: policy_version_hash_matches_decision_receipts = true. Carrier verifies on its own workstation.
substrate: qsign-baae · committed_policy_hash + committed_scope_hash bind policy at decision time, not at discovery time
04 · Scope Escalation

The agent was rejected by the substrate — the transaction still cleared downstream. The carrier needs the full picture.

ESCALATED

A treasury services firm files a $2.3M wire-fraud claim. The compromised agent had a $50,000 authorization ceiling. The attacker attempted to wire out $2,300,000. The substrate rejected the request. The wire still cleared — through a downstream payment processor that wasn't reading H33 decisions. The carrier asks: who is on the hook?

What the Carrier Disputed
Whether the loss is the insured's control-gap (downstream processor not checking H33 verdicts) or covered third-party social engineering.
What H33 Proves
A Negative Authority Proof shows the substrate denied the $2.3M transaction in real time. scope_check = Denied, attempted_amount = 2,300,000, denial_threshold_amount = 50,000. Downstream channel ignored the denial.
Financial Exposure
$2.3M
Split exposure: 60% covered (downstream gap), 40% retained (control-integration gap). Negotiated, not litigated.
Receipt · Replay · Auditor output
Receipt (NAP)
Single Negative Authority Proof at incident_T+0.114s: artifact_binding_hash, committed_scope_hash, scope_check = Denied, denial_axis = DecisionAmount. Triple-family signed.
Replay
Replay of the agent's authority chain at the moment of the wire request reproduces the denial deterministically. The substrate did its job; the downstream processor never asked.
Auditor Attestation
Independent auditor attests both facts: substrate_denied = true, downstream_consumed_denial = false. The dispute becomes about integration depth, not about authorization.
substrate: qsign-nap · NAP is a structured denial artifact; absence of downstream consumption is itself a finding
05 · Backdated Key

The insured claims a forgotten signing key was registered before the incident. The registry says otherwise.

DENIED

Following a $5.1M post-incident remediation claim, forensics surface a signing key the insured insists was "provisioned and registered" weeks before the incident — a key with anomalous activity. If true: covered. If false: the insured is claiming for a control that did not exist. The carrier asks H33 when the key actually entered the substrate.

What the Carrier Disputed
Whether the signing key was registered at 2026-03-01 (insured's claim) or 2026-04-22 (post-incident). Determines whether the key was "in operation" at incident time.
What H33 Proves
The federation key registry is append-only and hash-chained. The key's registered_at_unix_ms is signed at append time and bound to the registry tip at that moment. Walking the chain locates the registration at 2026-04-22T11:09:14Z26 days after the incident. Backdating impossible.
Financial Exposure
$5.1M
Claim for the backdated control denied. Separate misrepresentation review opened.
Receipt · Replay · Auditor output
Registry Record
Single KeyRegistryRecord for the key. registered_at_unix_ms = 1777678154000. prev_record_hash chains to record #N−1 whose own timestamp is post-incident. Mutating the timestamp breaks every subsequent record's hash.
Replay / Walk
Chain walk from genesis to current tip reaches this record at position N. No earlier position holds an Active record for this principal. The insured's claimed registration date has no corresponding registry entry.
Auditor Attestation
Independent auditor signs an attestation citing the record hash + the chain walk. Insurer's counsel re-runs the walk on a third party's replica; same outcome. backdating_attempted = true.
substrate: qsign-fed-registry · append-only · hash-chained · timestamp bound at append time, not at discovery

How a dispute becomes a verifiable proof.

Each scenario above runs through the same three-artifact pipeline. There is no proprietary claims engine, no per-customer plumbing, no carrier-specific integration.

1. Receipt. The substrate produced a structured artifact at the moment the decision was made: an authentication receipt, a control-execution receipt, a Negative Authority Proof, a registry append, or a verification receipt. The receipt is signed once, by the substrate, against an immutable policy hash.

2. Replay. The decision is re-derivable. Given the receipt, the inputs, and the policy hash, anyone can reproduce the same outcome on their own machine. If the replay diverges from the receipt, the receipt is invalid. If the replay matches, the decision is independently verifiable.

3. Auditor output. A separate principal — the auditor — countersigns the receipt and the replay outcome. The auditor cannot fabricate a receipt; they can only attest to what the substrate already produced. The signed attestation is itself a portable .h33pqv.json artifact a carrier, broker, or counsel can drop into a verifier.

The carrier never trusts H33. The insured never trusts H33. Both verify the same artifact against the same registry replica and reach the same outcome.

Simulated vs. live — full transparency.

The scenarios on this page are illustrative: the dispute shapes, the receipt structures, the chain-of-evidence steps, and the outcome semantics are all real and match the production substrate. The dollar figures, party names, and timestamps are composite — drawn from anonymized claim patterns, not from any single named customer matter.

Here's exactly what is and isn't live in production today:

ComponentStatusSourceNotes
Authentication receipts LIVE Cachee-Auth (Rust) Production at auth.h33.ai; structured receipt for every authentication event.
Negative Authority Proofs LIVE qsign-nap Production crate; .h33pqv.json emitted on every substrate denial.
Federation key registry LIVE qsign-fed-registryAppend-only, hash-chained; 11/11 tests; review bundle frozen at qsign-federation/v0.6-review-bundle.
Verification receipts + audit attestations LIVE qsign-fed-receipts7/7 tests; multi-org demo runs end-to-end.
HATS Phase 6 gate + receipts LIVE hats-demo 92/92 tests; PERMIT and REJECT vectors emit verifiable artifacts.
Triple-family PQ signatures (ML-DSA-87 + SLH-DSA-256s + FALCON-1024 at 2-of-3)LIVEh33-root::sigPQ-only invariant; no classical fallback.
Drag-and-drop verifier (in-browser) LIVE /demo/nap-v0.2/ · /attack-center/artifacts/Structural checks live in browser; full PQ verify via CLI.
Claim narratives + dollar figures on this pageILLUSTRATIVEComposite Modeled on anonymized real-world claim patterns. No single customer matter is depicted.
Carrier / broker workflow integration PILOT Direct engagement Productized carrier UX (claim intake → receipt corpus → attestation) is the active sales motion; this page is the buyer-facing surface for those conversations.
Downstream-consumer enforcement (cf. Scope Escalation)CUSTOMER-SIDEn/a The substrate emits denials; downstream integration is the customer's payment processor / system of record. Sprint 4 (HATS production rollout) closes this on the H33 side.

For a live walk-through tailored to a specific carrier or broker scenario, see the Attack Center drop-test artifacts and the Authority Center page.

Built for the people who decide whether a claim pays
Carriers Reinsurers Brokers Adjusters Coverage counsel Forensic accountants CISOs Internal audit Captives Regulators
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