H33-74 / Comparison

H33-74 vs Verax

Verax (and the related Linea-EAS, Sign Protocol) extends EAS-style attestation across multiple EVM chains. H33-74 removes EVM as the assumption entirely.

Verax positions itself as a public, permissionless attestation registry across multiple EVM chains. The goal is to make attestations portable across the EVM ecosystem so an attestation issued on one chain can be consumed on another. Sign Protocol pursues a similar architecture.

Verax is the right answer to a real problem: EAS-style attestation locked into a single EVM chain is too narrow when modern operations span multiple EVMs. But Verax still assumes EVM is the universe. H33-74 makes a stronger claim: the entire chain category is optional infrastructure for evidence.

Verax makes attestation portable across EVM chains. H33-74 makes evidence portable across any chains, including non-EVM and no-chain. Both are improvements on chain-locked attestation. They sit at different points on the portability spectrum.

The portability spectrum

EAS (single-EVM)
Attestation lives on one EVM chain. Portable within that chain. Not portable across chains.
Verax / Sign Protocol (multi-EVM)
Attestation portable across EVM chains. Not portable to non-EVM. Still chain-coupled.
OpenTimestamps (Bitcoin-only)
Receipt portable across nodes, but verification requires Bitcoin.
H33-74
Receipt portable across any chain or no chain. Verification works without any chain.

What Verax does well

Where H33-74 goes further

Non-EVM chains

Verax assumes the chain is EVM-compatible. The same architecture cannot natively extend to Bitcoin, Solana, or Zcash because each of those chains has fundamentally different transaction models and execution environments. H33-74 only requires the chain to hold a 32-byte commitment, which every public chain can do.

No-chain operation

Verax attestations exist on at least one EVM chain. H33-74 receipts can exist with zero chain anchors. The receipt is valid from the moment it is signed, and chain anchoring is an optional later operation. This matters in environments where public chains are not appropriate (regulated, classified, air-gapped) or for receipts that may never need public notarization.

Post-quantum signatures

Verax attestations are signed under EVM-native ECDSA. H33-74 receipts carry three post-quantum signature families on the receipt itself, so receipt integrity is post-quantum from creation.

Operational reconstruction

Verax attestations are designed for smart-contract composability. H33-74 receipts are designed for operational history reconstruction: an auditor takes a collection of receipts and rebuilds a sequence of decisions, actions, and outcomes that can be verified independently of the operator.

Direct comparison

Chain scope
Verax: EVM-compatible chains. H33-74: any chain that can hold a 32-byte commitment.
No-chain operation
Verax: requires at least one EVM chain. H33-74: receipt valid without any chain.
Signature scheme
Verax: ECDSA (pre-quantum). H33-74: ML-DSA-65 + FALCON-512 + SLH-DSA-128f (post-quantum).
Multi-chain anchoring
Verax: same attestation can be referenced across EVM chains via registry. H33-74: same receipt independently anchored on N chains; anchors do not depend on a shared registry.
Verification dependency
Verax: requires at least one EVM chain available. H33-74: requires only the receipt, public keys, and verifier.
Primary use case
Verax: EVM smart-contract composability with cross-chain portability. H33-74: operational evidence that survives any specific chain.

When Verax is the right choice

Verax is great when your trust model is Ethereum-native attestations, when EVM-only portability is sufficient, and when the operator is willing to depend on the EVM ecosystem for verification infrastructure.

When H33-74 is the right choice

H33-74 is great when chain portability needs to extend beyond EVM. When receipts need to remain verifiable without any chain available. When post-quantum survivability matters. When operational evidence needs to survive any single chain ecosystem's longevity.

Verax is multi-chain attestation that assumes EVM. H33-74 is chain-portable evidence that does not assume any chain.

The centerpiece concept

Chain portability is the category that separates H33-74 from every chain-coupled attestation system.

Chain Portability One Receipt. Multiple Chains.

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